DataGoblin

Sunday, May 16

PARASITE IN HORNET WASP

@doc_fertilizer Insect ,

INSECT WORLD

HORNET

Scientific Name : Vespa crabro

Order : Hymenoptera

Family : Vespids

Science Time The video you will see is extraordinary in every way. In the foreground you will see a gigantic Vespa mandarina, a type of Asian hornet that measures almost three inches. Second, you will witness the extraction of a parasite that lived within it.

The strange intruder that lived in this hornet is known as Xenos moutoni, a parasite that be longs to the order Strepsiptera which has the ability to spend all of its life in the abdomen of these wasps or similar insects, altering the behavior of the host. It is kind of similar to the fungus that turns ants into zombies.

Hornets often attack bee hives with the goal of obtaining their larvae. Hornets can devastate a bee colony: a single hornet can kill 40 bees per minute.

The sting of the Asian giant hornet is about 6 millimetres in length, and injects an especially potent poison that contains an enzyme so strong that it can dissolve human tissue.

If a giant hornet stings a person and does not receive medical attention quickly, the individual can die from a reaction to the poison. About 40 people die each year after being stung by these giant hornets.

Terminologies of Cost of Cultivation

@doc_fertilizer Cost of cultivation ,

Important terminologies and formulas for calculating the Cost of cultivation as below

COST A

Hired labourers ( both male and female)
Calculated in days (1 day=8 hours)
Bullock labour
bullock labours calculated in pair days (Charges based on Area)
machine charges
calculated in Hours.
Seeds
Calculated in Kg
Manures
calculated in Tones, Quintals, and Cartloads
Fertilizers
N:P: K
the recommended dose and their charges
Micronutrients may be in solid form or liquid form
Irrigation charges.
If it’s own no need to mention in the table
If borrowed from others mention the cost
Insecticides/ Fungicides charges
The total cost of Insecticides and Fungicides solutions are sprayed
mention in Liters and their Cost
Land Revenue
Land revenue is tax paid to the govt
Depreciation of farm inputs and buildings
Miscellaneous Charges
other small charges

COST B

Cost A
Sum of all costs
The rental value of land
Rental value of land =(gross return/6)-Land revenue
Interest in fixed capital
(Fixed capital /100)*10

COST C

Cost B
family labours (both male and female)
calculated in days
Supervision charges
supervision charges @10% of total cost

You can get the whole Cost of cultivation table Document click here

COST OF CULTIVATION

@doc_fertilizer Agriculture ,

COST OF CULTIVATION

What is Cost of cultivation ?

Cost of Cultivation is calculation part in farming that is how much actual expenses made and how much farmer or individual benefited by it.

HOW TO CALCULATE COST OF CULTIVATION ......?

BSc agriculture is most amazing degree which can help you to get jobs in any sectors (Except IT and Electrical) and you can learn most amazing courses during this 4 years academics for example Botany, Animal husbandry, Agril. Engineering , Pathology, Entomology, Agronomy, Horticulture, Soil Science, and Extension education.

Above subjects are like Core subjects of Agriculture degree you must know about them you'll study these all subjects in each semesters that is I^st to VIII^th, apart from these subjects there are many non credit subjects like Human values and ethics, Human Psychology, Democracy and good governance, NCC/NSS, physical education and Yoga , Forestry, Communication skills and personality development, Study tour etc.

As everyone knows final year of any degree is most joyful days of student life. In agriculture life it teach us life lessons practically.

It is mandatory that every BSc agriculture student must complete their RAWE, RAEDY and AIA programs in their final year of BSc (Agril)

RAWE is nothing but Rural Agricultural Work Experience.
RAEDY is nothing but Rural Agricultural Entrepreneurship Development Yojana.
AIA means Agricultural Industrial Attachment.

Now we'll talk about most tricky part of agriculture studies that is in Final year which is known as Cost of cultivation in RAWE program
In this student has to collect all data from Host farmer, Village data agrometeorological data from the weather department and etc. and students has to keep observe and record few things regularly like weather report , corp disease intensity, pest infestation on fields etc.

Well along with these data student has to perform demonstrations related to each subjects students must go to village and demonstrate agricultural things which they are unware like soil sampling , Vermicomposting etc.

After all this final step to calculate the cost of cultivation of Host farmer i.e how much farmer spending money and how much he getting profit in return and here students has to calculate Cost To Benefit ratio

This calculation includes some factors which are used by the farmers for cultivating crops those are also mentioned as Cost-A, Cost-B and Cost-C through which you can calculate the cost of cultivation

You can get what are those terms Cost-A, Cost-B and Cost-C Click here

you can also download Cost of Cultivation table click here